Kubernetes环境Traefik部署与应用

本作品由Galen Suen采用知识共享署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际许可协议进行许可。由原作者转载自个人站点。

概述

本文用于整理基于Kubernetes环境的Traefik部署与应用，实现Ingress Controller、七层/四层反向代理等功能。

本次演练环境为Kubernetes集群环境，环境配置可参考笔者另一篇笔记《Kubernetes集群部署笔记》。

组件版本

• Traefik v2.5.1

• Traefik Helm Chart v10.3.2

配置过程

安装Traefik

• 配置Helm Repo

  helm repo add traefik https://helm.traefik.io/traefik
  helm repo update
  

• 安装Traefik

  本次演练中将traefik安装至kube-system命名空间，可根据需要替换。

  # deployment.replicas=3 设置Traefik部署副本数
  # pilot.dashboard=false 禁用Dashboard中Pilot链接。
  helm upgrade --install --namespace kube-system   --set deployment.replicas=3   --set pilot.dashboard=false   traefik traefik/traefik
  

• 其他准备工作

  获取traefik服务的负载均衡器地址。执行该命令，记录返回的EXTERNAL-IP地址备用。本次演练环境中，已将local.choral.io和*.local.choral.io指向该地址。

  kubectl get svc traefik -n kube-system
  

  创建一个用于部署演练用对象的命名空间。本次演练中使用apps-choral命名空间，可根据需要替换。

  kubectl create namespace apps-choral
  

部署Dashboard

• 创建IngressRoute

  创建一个IngressRoute，用于配置api和dashboard的入口规则。

  本次演练中，使用traefik.local.choral.io域名访问Dashboard，可根据需要替换。

  cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
  apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
  kind: IngressRoute
  metadata:
  name: traefik-dashboard
  namespace: apps-choral
  spec:
  entryPoints:
  - web
  routes:
  - match: Host(`traefik.local.choral.io`) && (PathPrefix(`/dashboard`) || PathPrefix(`/api`))
  kind: Rule
  services:
  - name: api@internal
  kind: TraefikService
  EOF
  

• 启用BasicAuth认证

  首先，创建一个用于保存用户名和密码的Secret，其中的users字段内容可使用htpassword工具生成。本次演练中，认证username和password都是admin。

  cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
  apiVersion: v1
  kind: Secret
  metadata:
  name: traefik-basicauth-secret
  namespace: apps-choral
  data:
  users: |2 # htpasswd -nb admin admin | openssl base64
  YWRtaW46e1NIQX0wRFBpS3VOSXJyVm1EOElVQ3V3MWhReE5xWmM9Cg==
  EOF
  

  创建一个Traefik中间件，用于对请求启用BasicAuth认证。

  cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
  apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
  kind: Middleware
  metadata:
  name: traefik-basicauth
  namespace: apps-choral
  spec:
  basicAuth:
  realm: traefik.local.choral.io
  secret: traefik-basicauth-secret
  EOF
  

  更新Dashboard的IngressRoute，启用BasicAuth中间件。

  cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
  apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
  kind: IngressRoute
  metadata:
  name: traefik-dashboard
  namespace: apps-choral
  spec:
  entryPoints:
  - web
  routes:
  - match: Host(`traefik.local.choral.io`) && (PathPrefix(`/dashboard`) || PathPrefix(`/api`))
  kind: Rule
  services:
  - name: api@internal
  kind: TraefikService
  middlewares:
  - name: traefik-basicauth
  EOF
  

七层反向代理

HTTP应用示例

• 部署whoami应用

  创建Deployment，部署whoami应用。

  cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
  apiVersion: apps/v1
  kind: Deployment
  metadata:
  name: whoami
  namespace: apps-choral
  spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
  matchLabels:
  app: whoami
  template:
  metadata:
  labels:
  app: whoami
  spec:
  containers:
  - name: whoami
  image: traefik/whoami:latest
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  ports:
  - containerPort: 80
  EOF
  

  创建一个用于访问whoami应用的服务。

  cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
  apiVersion: v1
  kind: Service
  metadata:
  name: whoami
  namespace: apps-choral
  spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
  port: 80
  selector:
  app: whoami
  EOF
  

  创建一个Ingress，用于配置whoami应用的入口规则。

  cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
  apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
  kind: Ingress
  metadata:
  name: whoami
  namespace: apps-choral
  annotations:
  traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: web
  spec:
  rules:
  - host: local.choral.io
  http:
  paths:
  - path: /
  pathType: Prefix
  backend:
  service:
  name: whoami
  port:
  number: 80
  EOF
  

启用TLS（HTTPS）

本次演练使用静态证书配置TLS，该证书被手动创建，应用于local.choral.io和*.local.choral.io域名。

有关自动证书管理，可参考Cert Manager项目文档。

• 更新Traefik运行参数

  # ports.web.redirectTo=websecure                          启用Web跳转至WebSecure
  # additionalArguments[0]=--entrypoints.websecure.http.tls Ingress默认启用TLS
  helm upgrade --install --namespace kube-system   --set deployment.replicas=3   --set pilot.dashboard=false   --set ports.web.redirectTo=websecure   --set additionalArguments[0]=--entrypoints.websecure.http.tls   traefik traefik/traefik
  

• 创建TLS证书Secret

  从已准备好的证书key文件和crt文件创建Secret。

  kubectl create secret tls local-choral-io-tls -n kube-system --key=local.choral.io.key --cert=local.choral.io.crt
  

• 更新Dashboard的IngressRoute

  更新Dashboard的IngressRoute，启用TLS配置。

  cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
  apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
  kind: IngressRoute
  metadata:
  name: traefik-dashboard
  namespace: apps-choral
  spec:
  entryPoints:
  - websecure
  routes:
  - match: Host(`traefik.local.choral.io`) && (PathPrefix(`/dashboard`) || PathPrefix(`/api`))
  kind: Rule
  services:
  - name: api@internal
  kind: TraefikService
  middlewares:
  - name: traefik-basicauth
  tls:
  secretName: local-choral-io-tls
  EOF
  

• 更新whoami的Ingress

  更新whoami的Ingress，启用TLS配置。

  cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
  apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
  kind: Ingress
  metadata:
  name: whoami
  namespace: apps-choral
  annotations:
  traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.entrypoints: websecure
  spec:
  tls:
  - secretName: local-choral-io-tls
  rules:
  - host: local.choral.io
  http:
  paths:
  - path: /
  pathType: Prefix
  backend:
  service:
  name: whoami
  port:
  number: 80
  EOF
  

四层反向代理

TCP应用示例

• 更新Traefik运行参数

  更新Traefik运行参数，创建新的EntryPoint。

  # ports.whoamitcp.protocol=TCP     网络协议
  # ports.whoamitcp.port=8081        监听端口
  # ports.whoamitcp.exposedPort=8081 服务公开端口
  # ports.whoamitcp.expose=true      是否暴露端口
  helm upgrade --install --namespace kube-system   --set deployment.replicas=3   --set pilot.dashboard=false   --set ports.web.redirectTo=websecure   --set additionalArguments[0]=--entrypoints.websecure.http.tls   --set ports.whoamitcp.protocol=TCP   --set ports.whoamitcp.port=8081   --set ports.whoamitcp.exposedPort=8081   --set ports.whoamitcp.expose=true   traefik traefik/traefik
  

• 部署whoamitcp应用

  创建Deployment，部署whoamitcp应用。

  cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
  apiVersion: apps/v1
  kind: Deployment
  metadata:
  name: whoamitcp
  namespace: apps-choral
  spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
  matchLabels:
  app: whoamitcp
  template:
  metadata:
  labels:
  app: whoamitcp
  spec:
  containers:
  - name: whoamitcp
  image: traefik/whoamitcp:latest
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
  containerPort: 8080
  EOF
  

  创建一个用于访问whoamitcp应用的服务。

  cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
  apiVersion: v1
  kind: Service
  metadata:
  name: whoamitcp
  namespace: apps-choral
  spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
  port: 8080
  selector:
  app: whoamitcp
  EOF
  

  创建一个IngressRouteTCP，用于配置whoamitcp应用的入口规则。

  cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
  apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
  kind: IngressRouteTCP
  metadata:
  name: whoamitcp
  namespace: apps-choral
  spec:
  entryPoints:
  - whoamitcp
  routes:
  - match: HostSNI(\`*\`)
  services:
  - name: whoamitcp
  port: 8080
  EOF
  

  验证反向代理和服务运行状态。

  # `10.0.0.201`是`traefik`服务的负载均衡器地址（kubectl get svc traefik -n kube-system）
  echo "Hello" | socat - tcp4:10.0.0.201:8081
  # 终端回显如下内容
  Received: Hello
  

UDP应用示例

• 更新Traefik运行参数

  更新Traefik运行参数，创建新的EntryPoint。

  # ports.whoamiudp.protocol=UDP     网络协议
  # ports.whoamiudp.port=8082        监听端口
  # ports.whoamiudp.exposedPort=8082 服务公开端口
  # ports.whoamiudp.expose=true      是否暴露端口
  helm upgrade --install --namespace kube-system   --set deployment.replicas=3   --set pilot.dashboard=false   --set ports.web.redirectTo=websecure   --set additionalArguments[0]=--entrypoints.websecure.http.tls   --set ports.whoamitcp.protocol=TCP   --set ports.whoamitcp.port=8081   --set ports.whoamitcp.exposedPort=8081   --set ports.whoamitcp.expose=true   --set ports.whoamiudp.protocol=UDP   --set ports.whoamiudp.port=8082   --set ports.whoamiudp.exposedPort=8082   --set ports.whoamiudp.expose=true   traefik traefik/traefik
  

• 部署whoamiudp应用

  创建Deployment，部署whoamiudp应用。

  cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
  apiVersion: apps/v1
  kind: Deployment
  metadata:
  name: whoamiudp
  namespace: apps-choral
  spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
  matchLabels:
  app: whoamiudp
  template:
  metadata:
  labels:
  app: whoamiudp
  spec:
  containers:
  - name: whoamiudp
  image: traefik/whoamiudp:latest
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  ports:
  - protocol: UDP
  containerPort: 8080
  EOF
  

  创建一个用于访问whoamiudp应用的服务。

  cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
  apiVersion: v1
  kind: Service
  metadata:
  name: whoamiudp
  namespace: apps-choral
  spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - protocol: UDP
  port: 8080
  selector:
  app: whoamiudp
  EOF
  

  创建一个IngressRouteUDP，用于配置whoamiudp应用的入口规则。

  cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
  apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
  kind: IngressRouteUDP
  metadata:
  name: whoamiudp
  namespace: apps-choral
  spec:
  entryPoints:
  - whoamiudp
  routes:
  - services:
  - name: whoamiudp
  port: 8080
  EOF
  

  验证反向代理和服务运行状态。

  # `10.0.0.202`是`traefik-udp`服务的负载均衡器地址（kubectl get svc traefik-udp -n kube-system）
  echo "Hello" | socat - udp4:10.0.0.202:8082
  # 终端回显如下内容
  Received: Hello
  

参考资料

• https://github.com/traefik/traefik-helm-chart

• https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/providers/kubernetes-crd/

• https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/providers/kubernetes-ingress/

• https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/middlewares/http/basicauth/

Kubernetes环境Traefik部署与应用

原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/tiscs/p/notes-k8s-traefik.html